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Wydanie 2/2012
str. 40

Patogeneza AMD

Pathogenesis of AMD

Iwona Świtka-Więcławska, Agata Zwolińska

Katedra i Klinika Okulistyki I Wydziału Lekarskiego Warszawskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego
Kierownik: dr hab. n. med. Dariusz Kęcik, prof. nadzw. WUM

Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is leading cause of severe visual function impairment in people over 60 years of age in developed countries. Approximately 2.5 mln individuals are affected by AMD worldwide. There are two types of AMD: dry (geographical atrophy) and exudative (associated with choroidal neovascularization). The majority of AMD cases are dry form and account for about 90%, exudative AMD occurs only in 10–15% and is responsible for the majority cases of blindness. AMD is probably a multifactorial and complex disease. The pathogenesis of AMD involves four mainly processes such as lipofuscinogenesis, drusogenesis, chronic local inflammation and choroidal neovascularization. Metabolic, genetic and environmental factors contribute to the AMD development. Beacause AMD pathogenesis is poorly understood therapeutic approaches are still insufficiently effective.

Słowa kluczowe: AMD, lipofuscynogeneza, druzogeneza, przewlekły lokalny proces zapalny, neowaskularyzacja naczyniówki, czynniki genetyczne, stres oksydacyjny.

Keywords: AMD, lipofuscinogenesis, drusogenesis, chronic local inflammation and choroidal neovascularization, genetic factors, oxidative stress.

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