Wydanie 1/2013
str. 31
Cukrzyca u dzieci i młodzieży
Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents
Patrycja Wycisło-Gawron1, Ewa Pieczara2, Agnieszka Łypaczewska1, Grzegorz Gawron4, Piotr Go¶ciniewicz1, Maria Formińska-Kapu¶cik2,3
1 Oddział Okulistyki Dorosłych Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 5 ¦l±skiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego
w Katowicach
Klinika Okulistyki Katedry Okulistyki ¦l±skiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Ordynator/ Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Wanda Romaniuk
2 Oddział Okulistyki Dziecięcej Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego nr 5 ¦l±skiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Ordynator: prof. dr hab. n. med. Maria Formińska-Kapu¶cik
3 Klinika Okulistyki Dziecięcej Katedry Okulistyki ¦l±skiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Maria Formińska-Kapu¶cik
4 Wojewódzki Szpital Chorób Płuc w Wodzisławiu ¦l±skim
Ordynator: dr n. med. Jacek Gabry¶
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important diseases of civilization. Considerable increase of morbidity in diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents is being estimated. Worldwide in children below 15 years of age 70 000 new diabetes mellitus cases are diagnosed each year. Chronic hyperglycemia leads to different organs dysfunction, mainly eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels.
In children and adolescents most frequently type 1 diabetes occurs. Type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose fasting and monogenic diabetes syndromes are diagnosed less frequently.
The majority of cases of type 1 diabetes are diagnosed between the age of 10–12, the second peak of incidence is observed between the age of 16 and 19. Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed most often during the first two decades of life, often in adolescence (13–14 year old). Important risk factor for type 2 diabetes is an obesity, which is caused by improper nutritional habits and low activity level. The characteristic clinical symptoms include: unusual thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, weakness, frequent infection (skin, urinary tract), drowsiness, rapid breathing and dehydration.
Diabetes has been described as a epidemic in the pediatric population and presents a serious public health problem. Effects of this epidemic will reveal seriousness of the whole problem when these children become adults and develop the long-term diabetes complications.
Słowa kluczowe: cukrzyca, dzieci, powikłania oczne.
Keywords: diabetes mellitus, children, ocular complications.