Wydanie 1/2013
str. 79
Korygowanie i leczenie krótkowzroczności – metody zachowawcze i chirurgiczne
Myopia Correction and Treatment – Surgical and Non Invasive Procedures
Tomasz Wilczyński1, Maria Formińska-Kapuścik2,3, Ewa Pieczara3, Bogumiła Wójcik-Niklewska3, Łukasz Kulesza1, Krzysztof Wilczyński4
1Oddział Okulistyki Dorosłych Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego Nr 5 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Ordynator: prof. dr hab. n. med. Wanda Romaniuk
2Klinika Okulistyki Dziecięcej Katedry Okulistyki Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Kierownik: prof. dr hab. n. med. Maria Formińska-Kapuścik
3Oddział Okulistyki Dziecięcej Samodzielnego Publicznego Szpitala Klinicznego Nr 5 Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Ordynator: prof. dr hab. n. med. Maria Formińska-Kapuścik
4Studenckie Koło Naukowe Katedry i Kliniki Okulistyki Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach
Opiekun naukowy SKN: dr hab. n. med. Dorota Pojda-Wilczek
Summary: Aim: Current methods of myopia correction and treatment were discussed.
Methods: Review of recent literature, both in English or Polish, found in MEDLINE and PubMed, which deals with the topic.
Results: Spectacles as well as soft contact lenses, which are prescribed more and more willingly, remain a golden standard for treating myopia. Progressive vision lenses do not have any proven advantage over single vision lenses. Hard contact lenses are associated with many side effects particularly infectious ones. Methods of refractive surgery, which have been applied so far, are PRK, LASIK, LASEK, clear lens extraction with or without IOL implantation, phacic intraocular lenses. Today it seems that the medical indications for surgery are the same as for contact lenses – anisometropia over 2.00–2.50 Dsph, high myopia – in children with neurobehavioral disorders or when contact lenses intolerance emerged. Pharmacological inhibition of myopia progression is still under investigation, there are equivocal results for its efficacy.
Conclusions: No means of correction or treatment are proven to inhibit vision defect progress. Limitation for close work and increase of total time spent outdoors are proposed based on the theoretical models. Spectacles remain a golden standard, as well as soft contact lenses, especially in cases where prevention of amblyopia due to anisometropia is crucial, refractive surgery among adults is more and more common.
Słowa kluczowe: krótkowzroczność, chirurgia refrakcyjna, farmakoterapia, ortokeratologia.
Keywords: myopia, refractive surgery, pharmacotherapy, orthokeratology.